MMIP Resources
In both the US and Canada there are and have been disproportionately high rates of Indigenous people going missing or being murdered, as well as often inappropriate or questionable LE responses to such events. This phenomenon has become known as Missing and Murdered Indigenous People (MMIP). The following terms are used across different sources to describe the crisis:
For simplicity's sake, I will be using the broadest term, MMIP, though when citing a specific source I will use the term used by the author(s). As this blog concerns missing and murdered people in western states as a whole, including MMIP, I thought it important to provide these links, some of which specifically contain information regarding the MMIP cases highlighted on this site.
Below is a non-exhaustive list of resources regarding MMIP, such as hotlines, booklets and guides, research reports and data, infographics, task forces, support services (organizations, women's homes, shelters, family services, LGBTQ resource centers, etc.), and other general information provided by official organizations.
In general, each source is first listed by its overall website, which is usually that of a relevant organization, and then underneath are some of the specific relevant pages. Other, one-off sources are stand-alone. Listed first under each heading are websites and online resources in alphabetical order, followed by alphabetized research reports; the latter are/will be cited using proper citation guidelines (with the exception of yearly reports, which share the same citation information).
I have worked to ensure that everything listed here comes from accredited sources. However, I should note that some sources have their disadvantages: primarily, unlike governmental agencies, Indigenous-led organizations may not have full access to law enforcement data. Non-Indigenous government agencies, on the other hand, do not always operate in a culturally-sensitive or thorough manner. Many of the individual sources go into further detail regarding the gaps in and issues with their data.
As always, I do not claim any of these sources as my own work, though this list itself is. All credit is due toward the original creators.
[Note: Resources listed under specific states consist of a) studies, reports, data, etc. on MMIP in that state or a region of it, and b) organizations based within that state, such as the Sovereign Bodies Institute in California, though the resources that each organization provides may apply on a national scale.]
United States
Hotlines and Support Services
For immediate emergencies, please call 911.
Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: 988
National Sexual Assault Hotline: 800.856.HOPE
National Runaway Safeline: 1-800-RUNAWAY
National Human Trafficking Hotline: 1-888-373-7888
National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233)
National Deaf Domestic Violence Hotline: 855-812-1001
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-TALK (8255)
Hotlines specifically for Indigenous people
StrongHearts Native Helpline: 1-844-7NATIVE (762-8483)
Colorado MMIR Hotline: (833) 900-6647
Further lists are also included below:
Missing & Murdered Unit Victim Services Program, Bureau of Indian Affairs
Hotlines for Victims and Survivors, NIWRC
Yurok Missing & Murdered Indigenous People Program, Yurok Tribal Court
MMIP Survivors Resources, Association on American Indian Affairs
Arizona
MMIWG, Research on Violent Victimization (ROVV) Lab, Arizona State University
Fox, K. A., Sharp, C., Devereaux, T., et al. (2020). "Reducing missing and
murdered Indigenous women and girls: Arizona’s statewide study
in partnership with the HB2570 legislative study committee." Project report, pdf. Tempe, AZ: ASU ROVV.
Harvey, C., Stanek, K., Sharp, C., et al. (2022). "Missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls: The crisis in Arizona." Infographic, pdf. Tempe, AZ: ASU ROVV.
Missing Persons Unit, Navajo Nation Police Department
California
California Indian Legal Services
Feather Alert, California Highway Patrol
Colorado
New Mexico
Missing Persons Unit, Navajo Nation Police Department
Oregon
USOA (Feb. 2021). "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Persons Report." Report, pdf. U.S. Attorney’s Office District of Oregon.
Utah
Austin, J., MartinRogers, N., Granias, A., et al. (2023). "Murdered and Missing Indigenous Relatives (MMIR) Task Force for the Utah Legislature Policy, Best and Emerging Practices, and Current Issues in Utah." Project report, pdf. Wilder Research.
Washington
Echo-Hawk, A., Dominguez, A., & Echo-Hawk, L. (2024). "MMIWG: We Demand More: A corrected research study of missing and murdered Indigenous women & girls in Washington State." Research report, pdf. Seattle: UIHI. Also available below under "National Resources."
MMIWP in Washington, Washington Law Help
National Resources
Bachman, R., Zaykowski, H., Kallmyer, R., et al. (2008). "Violence Against American Indian and Alaska Native Women and the Criminal Justice Response: What is Known." Report, pdf. National Institute of Justice.
MMIP State Resources, Office for Victims of Crime, US DOJ
MMIWR: Toolkit & Resource Guide for Libraries, American Library Association (ALA)
Canada
Hotlines & Services
Hope for Wellness Helpline: 1-855-242-3310 or chat online at HopeForWellness
MMIWG crisis line: 1-844-413-6649
MMIWG Health and Cultural Support program
Family Information Liaison Units
British Columbia
Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General. "A Path Forward: Priorities and Early Strategies for B.C." Documents, pdfs. Status updates available from 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025.
Government of British Columbia. "Report in Response to Forsaken." Documents, pdfs. Status updates available from 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021.
Government of British Columbia. "A Vision for a Violence Free BC: Addressing violence against women in British Columbia." Document, pdf.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (2014). "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in British Columbia, Canada." IACHR, pdf.
Missing Women Commission of Inquiry (2012). "Forsaken: The Report of the Missing Women Commission of Inquiry." Vol.s I, IIA, IIB, III, and IV, pdfs. Executive summary also available.
National Resources
Brennan, S. (2011). "Violent victimization of Aboriginal women in the Canadian provinces, 2009." Publication, pdf. Juristat, 85-002-X. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
MMIP Publications, Urban Indigenous Action Group
Native Women's Association of Canada (2009). "Voices of Our Sisters in Spirit: A report to families and communities." Report, pdf. NWAC.
RCMP (2014). "Missing and murdered Aboriginal women: National operational overview." Report, pdf.
RCMP (2015). "Missing and murdered Aboriginal women: 2015 update to the national operational overview." Report, pdf.
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
National Inquiry into MMIWG (2017). "Executive summary from the interim report." Executive summary, pdf. Versions in Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun.
National Inquiry into MMIWG (2017). "Our women and girls are sacred." Interim report, pdf. Versions in Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun.
National Inquiry into MMIWG (2018). "Submissions from parties with standing." Multiple written submissions, pdfs.
National Inquiry into MMIWG (2019). "Reclaiming power and place." Final report, vol.s 1a & 1b, pdfs.
National Inquiry into MMIWG (2019). "Executive summary of the final report." Executive summary, pdf. Inuktitut version.
National Inquiry into MMIWG (2019). "Consolidated literature review of reports." Review, Excel spreadsheet.
Missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people, Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
Government of Canada (2021). "Federal Pathway to Address Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ People." Document.
Calls for Justice Reporting Tool
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